Cord 1 PRA and Miniature Dachshunds

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a group of genetic diseases seen in many breeds of dogs. It is characterised by the bilateral degeneration of the retina, causing progressive vision loss and culminating in blindness. Cord1 PRA is an inherited form of PRA specifically found in Dachshunds and also in English Springer Spaniels. 

Retinal degeneration was first documented in Miniature Long Haired Dachshunds. A 'DNA' test was made available in 2005 that identifies a specific gene mutation known as 'Cord 1'. The identical mutation was then found in Miniature Smooth Haired Dachshunds and Miniature Wire Haired Dachshunds. The age in which degeneration of eyesight occurs within 'Affected' dogs varies widely, as do the levels of vision impairment.  The levels of visual impairment are variable with some affected dogs showing few problems even into old age, through to total blindness at a young age. 

Breeders and in particular Kennel Club Assured breeders are required to carry out DNA testing to check their dogs Cord 1 PRA status. The test then shows whether the dog is Clear, Carrier or Affected.

 Distinguishing between clear, carrier and affected dogs

Clear dogs have no copies of the mutant gene responsible for the condition and will neither develop the condition nor pass the gene on to their offspring, testing in these circumstances is not required.

Carrier dogs have one copy of the normal gene and one copy of the mutant gene; they will not develop the condition, but will pass a mutant gene on to approximately half of their offspring.  Testing is required for 'Carrier' dogs.

Affected dogs have two copies of the mutant gene that causes the condition and will develop the disease.  Testing is required for 'Affected' dogs.

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